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In chemistry, chromism is a process that i … In chemistry, chromism is a process that induces a change, often reversible, in the colors of compounds. In most cases, chromism is based on a change in the electron states of molecules, especially the π- or d-electron state, so this phenomenon is induced by various external stimuli which can alter the electron density of substances. It is known that there are many natural compounds that have chromism, and many artificial compounds with specific chromism have been synthesized to date. It is usually synonymous with chromotropism, the (reversible) change in color of a substance due to the physical and chemical properties of its ambient surrounding medium, such as temperature and pressure, light, solvent, and presence of ions and electrons. Chromism is classified by what kind of stimuli are used. Examples of the major kinds of chromism are as follows.
* thermochromism is chromism that is induced by heat, that is, a change of temperature. This is the most common chromism of all.
* photochromism is induced by light irradiation. This phenomenon is based on the isomerization between two different molecular structures, light-induced formation of color centers in crystals, precipitation of metal particles in a glass, or other mechanisms.
* electrochromism is induced by the gain and loss of electrons. This phenomenon occurs in compounds with redox active sites, such as metal ions or organic radicals.
* solvatochromism depends on the polarity of the solvent. Most solvatochromic compounds are metal complexes. There are many more chromisms and these are listed below in . The output from the chromisms described above is observed by a change in the absorption spectra of the . An increasingly important group of chromisms are those where changes are displayed in their emission spectra. Hence they are called , exemplified by , and .e they are called , exemplified by , and .
, 화학에서 크로미즘 또는 변색성은 화합물의 가역변화를 유발하는 과정이다. 대부 … 화학에서 크로미즘 또는 변색성은 화합물의 가역변화를 유발하는 과정이다. 대부분의 경의 크로미즘은 분자의 전자 상태의 변화에 기초한다. 그리하여 이 현상은 다양한 외부 자극에 의해 유발되는데 물질의 전자밀도를 변화시키는 자극이다. 많은 자연 화합물이 크로미즘을 지니는데 특수한 크로미즘을 지닌 많은 인공적인 화합물이 합성되었다. 크로미즘은 어떠한 자극이 사용되는지에 따라 분류된다. 크로미즘의 주요 종류는 아래와 같다.
* 열 크로미즘은 열 즐 온도 변화에 의해 유발된다. 가장 일반적인 것이다.
* 광 크로미즘은 빛의 복사에 의해 유발된다. 이것은 두가지 다른 분자 구조간의 이성질체화에 기초한다.
* 전기 크로미즘은 전자의 획득과 손실에 의해 유발된다. 이 현상은 금속이온 또는 유기 라디컬과 같은 산화환원의 활성 위치에 발생한다.
* 용해 크로미즘은 용매의 극성에 달렸다. 대부분의 용해 화합물은 금속 복합체이다. 크로미즘은 용매의 극성에 달렸다. 대부분의 용해 화합물은 금속 복합체이다.
, クロミズム (chromism) は物質の光物性（色・蛍光など）が外部からの刺激によ … クロミズム (chromism) は物質の光物性（色・蛍光など）が外部からの刺激によって可逆的に変化する現象をさす。クロミズムを示す物質のことをクロミック物質（あるいはクロミック材料、chromic material）という。 多くの場合、クロミズムは分子のπ軌道やd軌道の電子状態が変化するために引き起こされる。クロミズムを示す物質は天然にも存在しており、また目的とする色変化を示すように分子設計された人工物質も多く合成されている。 クロミズムを起こす原因としては、熱・光・電気・溶媒和・圧力などが知られている。 金属錯体などが、環境や外部刺激により可逆的に変色する場合を、クロモトロピズム (chromotropism) と呼ぶこともある。変色する場合を、クロモトロピズム (chromotropism) と呼ぶこともある。
, En chimie, le suffixe -chromisme est utili … En chimie, le suffixe -chromisme est utilisé pour parler d'un processus induisant un changement, souvent réversible, de la couleur d'un composé et par extension, un changement des autres propriétés physiques, le préfixe thermo-, photo- etc désignant la nature du stimulus. Dans la plupart des cas, le chromisme est basé sur le changement de l'état électronique des molécules, spécifiquement l'état des électron π et d, ainsi ce phénomène est induit par un stimulus externe lequel peut altérer la densité électronique des substances impliquées. De nombreux composés naturels possèdent cette particularité, et de nombreux composés artificiels avec un chromisme spécifique ont été synthétisés jusqu'à présent.fique ont été synthétisés jusqu'à présent.
, Em química, cromismo é um processo que ind … Em química, cromismo é um processo que induz uma mudança reversível nas cores de compostos. Na maioria dos casos, cromismo é baseado sobre uma mudança nos estados dos elétrons das moléculas, especialmente o estado π- ou [i]d[/i], assim este fenômeno é induzido por vários estímulos externos os quais podem alterar a densidade de elétrons das substâncias. É conhecido que há muitos compostos naturais que apresentam cromismos, e muitos compostos artificiais tem sido sintetizados até hoje.rtificiais tem sido sintetizados até hoje.
, Хромі́я (англ. chromism, рос. хромия) — об … Хромі́я (англ. chromism, рос. хромия) — оборотна зміна кольору бістабільних молекулярних систем (найчастіше безбарвна — кольорова форми) спричинена їх структурним перегрупуванням під дією певних фізичних або фізико-хімічних чинників. До окремих випадків належать фотохромія, термохромія, електрохромія, сольватохромія, механохромія, магнітохромія тощо.охромія, механохромія, магнітохромія тощо.
, Der Wortbestandteil –chromie am Ende eines … Der Wortbestandteil –chromie am Ende eines Fremdwortes stammt von dem altgriechischen Substantiv χρῶμα (chroma) = Farbe. Die Verwendung in verschiedenen Fachterminologien umfasst bei den naturwissenschaftlichen und medizinischen Varianten stets eine zu beschreibende Veränderung der Farbe durch entsprechende beobachtete Phänomene oder gezielte Manipulationen. Anders die Verwendungen von -chromie in Fotografie, Musik und bildender Kunst, wo die Verbindung mit dem auf eine bestimmte Technik gerichtet ist oder eine übertragene Bedeutung annimmt.t oder eine übertragene Bedeutung annimmt.
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화학에서 크로미즘 또는 변색성은 화합물의 가역변화를 유발하는 과정이다. 대부 … 화학에서 크로미즘 또는 변색성은 화합물의 가역변화를 유발하는 과정이다. 대부분의 경의 크로미즘은 분자의 전자 상태의 변화에 기초한다. 그리하여 이 현상은 다양한 외부 자극에 의해 유발되는데 물질의 전자밀도를 변화시키는 자극이다. 많은 자연 화합물이 크로미즘을 지니는데 특수한 크로미즘을 지닌 많은 인공적인 화합물이 합성되었다. 크로미즘은 어떠한 자극이 사용되는지에 따라 분류된다. 크로미즘의 주요 종류는 아래와 같다.
* 열 크로미즘은 열 즐 온도 변화에 의해 유발된다. 가장 일반적인 것이다.
* 광 크로미즘은 빛의 복사에 의해 유발된다. 이것은 두가지 다른 분자 구조간의 이성질체화에 기초한다.
* 전기 크로미즘은 전자의 획득과 손실에 의해 유발된다. 이 현상은 금속이온 또는 유기 라디컬과 같은 산화환원의 활성 위치에 발생한다.
* 용해 크로미즘은 용매의 극성에 달렸다. 대부분의 용해 화합물은 금속 복합체이다. 크로미즘은 용매의 극성에 달렸다. 대부분의 용해 화합물은 금속 복합체이다.
, Хромі́я (англ. chromism, рос. хромия) — об … Хромі́я (англ. chromism, рос. хромия) — оборотна зміна кольору бістабільних молекулярних систем (найчастіше безбарвна — кольорова форми) спричинена їх структурним перегрупуванням під дією певних фізичних або фізико-хімічних чинників. До окремих випадків належать фотохромія, термохромія, електрохромія, сольватохромія, механохромія, магнітохромія тощо.охромія, механохромія, магнітохромія тощо.
, En chimie, le suffixe -chromisme est utili … En chimie, le suffixe -chromisme est utilisé pour parler d'un processus induisant un changement, souvent réversible, de la couleur d'un composé et par extension, un changement des autres propriétés physiques, le préfixe thermo-, photo- etc désignant la nature du stimulus. Dans la plupart des cas, le chromisme est basé sur le changement de l'état électronique des molécules, spécifiquement l'état des électron π et d, ainsi ce phénomène est induit par un stimulus externe lequel peut altérer la densité électronique des substances impliquées. De nombreux composés naturels possèdent cette particularité, et de nombreux composés artificiels avec un chromisme spécifique ont été synthétisés jusqu'à présent.fique ont été synthétisés jusqu'à présent.
, Der Wortbestandteil –chromie am Ende eines … Der Wortbestandteil –chromie am Ende eines Fremdwortes stammt von dem altgriechischen Substantiv χρῶμα (chroma) = Farbe. Die Verwendung in verschiedenen Fachterminologien umfasst bei den naturwissenschaftlichen und medizinischen Varianten stets eine zu beschreibende Veränderung der Farbe durch entsprechende beobachtete Phänomene oder gezielte Manipulationen. Anders die Verwendungen von -chromie in Fotografie, Musik und bildender Kunst, wo die Verbindung mit dem auf eine bestimmte Technik gerichtet ist oder eine übertragene Bedeutung annimmt.t oder eine übertragene Bedeutung annimmt.
, Em química, cromismo é um processo que ind … Em química, cromismo é um processo que induz uma mudança reversível nas cores de compostos. Na maioria dos casos, cromismo é baseado sobre uma mudança nos estados dos elétrons das moléculas, especialmente o estado π- ou [i]d[/i], assim este fenômeno é induzido por vários estímulos externos os quais podem alterar a densidade de elétrons das substâncias. É conhecido que há muitos compostos naturais que apresentam cromismos, e muitos compostos artificiais tem sido sintetizados até hoje.rtificiais tem sido sintetizados até hoje.
, In chemistry, chromism is a process that i … In chemistry, chromism is a process that induces a change, often reversible, in the colors of compounds. In most cases, chromism is based on a change in the electron states of molecules, especially the π- or d-electron state, so this phenomenon is induced by various external stimuli which can alter the electron density of substances. It is known that there are many natural compounds that have chromism, and many artificial compounds with specific chromism have been synthesized to date. It is usually synonymous with chromotropism, the (reversible) change in color of a substance due to the physical and chemical properties of its ambient surrounding medium, such as temperature and pressure, light, solvent, and presence of ions and electrons.lvent, and presence of ions and electrons.
, クロミズム (chromism) は物質の光物性（色・蛍光など）が外部からの刺激によ … クロミズム (chromism) は物質の光物性（色・蛍光など）が外部からの刺激によって可逆的に変化する現象をさす。クロミズムを示す物質のことをクロミック物質（あるいはクロミック材料、chromic material）という。 多くの場合、クロミズムは分子のπ軌道やd軌道の電子状態が変化するために引き起こされる。クロミズムを示す物質は天然にも存在しており、また目的とする色変化を示すように分子設計された人工物質も多く合成されている。 クロミズムを起こす原因としては、熱・光・電気・溶媒和・圧力などが知られている。 金属錯体などが、環境や外部刺激により可逆的に変色する場合を、クロモトロピズム (chromotropism) と呼ぶこともある。変色する場合を、クロモトロピズム (chromotropism) と呼ぶこともある。
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| rdfs:label |
Chromisme
, クロミズム
, 크로미즘
, Chromism
, Cromismo
, Хромія
, -chromie
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