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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract In un reattore nucleare il mantello, in inIn un reattore nucleare il mantello, in inglese blanket, è uno strato di materiale fertile adiacente al nocciolo del reattore che ha la funzione di ricevere i neutroni emessi dalle reazioni nucleari per trasmutare il materiale fertile in isotopi utili alle reazioni che avvengono reattore stesso o nei radionuclidi impiegati dalle tecnologie nucleari. Il blanket quindi riceve direttamente il calore sviluppato dalla reazioni nucleari e pertanto deve essere raffreddato. In un reattore nucleare a fusione il blanket è una componente fondamentale in quanto consente la continua produzione del trizio necessario a sviluppare le reazioni di fusione nucleare. Nei reattori a fusione il blanket è posto tra la camera sottovuoto (vacum vessel) e il divertore e la sua realizzazione è uno dei maggiori ostacoli da risolvere per la costruzione di un reattore a fusione commercialmente sostenibile. La trasmissione dell'energia ottenuta dai processi di fusione nucleare all'interno del reattore è operata essenzialmente facendo scorrere un fluido termovettore all'interno del mantello. Il fluido esce dal mantello e fa girare direttamente una turbina, oppure passa attraverso uno scambiatore di calore e riscalda un secondo fluido destinato a far girare la turbina per la produzione di energia elettrica. Il fluido che scorre nel mantello non può essere acqua in quanto poco efficiente ai fini del rendimento termodinamico. Allo stato attuale degli studi sul reattore a fusione si prevede l'utilizzo di elio o di una lega di piombo e litio. Il reattore a fusione sperimentale ITER, in via di costruzione in Francia presso Cadarache, prevede l'utilizzo di un mantello per la produzione di trizio. Si prevede che un mantello di questo tipo sarà introdotto anche nel successore di ITER, il reattore DEMO. nel successore di ITER, il reattore DEMO. , The tritium breeding blanket (also known aThe tritium breeding blanket (also known as a fusion blanket, lithium blanket or simply blanket), is a key part of many proposed fusion reactor designs. It serves several purposes; one is to act as a cooling mechanism, absorbing the energy from the neutrons produced within the plasma by the nuclear fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium (D-T), another is to "breed" further tritium fuel, that would otherwise be difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities, through the reaction of neutrons with lithium in the blanket. The breeder blanket further serves as shielding, preventing the high-energy neutrons from escaping to the area outside the reactor and protecting the more radiation-susceptible portions, such as ohmic or superconducting magnets, from damage. Of these three duties, it is only the breeding portion that cannot be replaced by other means. For instance, a large quantity of water makes an excellent cooling system and neutron shield, as in the case of a conventional nuclear reactor. However, tritium is difficult to obtain in sufficient quantity to run a reactor through other means, so if commercial fusion using the D-T cycle is to be achieved, successful breeding of the tritium in commercial quantities is a requirement. Breeding blanket designs are mostly based on lithium containing ceramics, with a focus on lithium titanate and lithium orthosilicate. These materials, mostly in a pebble form, are used to produce and extract tritium and helium; must withstand high mechanical and thermal loads; and, should not become excessively radioactive upon completion of their useful service life. To date, no large-scale breeding system has been attempted, and it is an open question whether such a system is possible to create. ITER runs a major effort in blanket design and will test a number of potential solutions. Concepts for the breeder blanket include helium-cooled lithium lead (HCLL), helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB), and water-cooled lithium lead (WCLL) methods. Six different tritium breeding systems, known as Test Blanket Modules (TBM) wil be tested in ITER.anket Modules (TBM) wil be tested in ITER. , Das Blanket (englisch für Decke, Hülle) eiDas Blanket (englisch für Decke, Hülle) eines Kernfusionsreaktors liegt innerhalb des Vakuumgefäßes um das Plasma. Es schützt die außerhalb liegenden supraleitenden Spulen und andere Teile vor Hitze und Strahlung. In zukünftigen Fusionskraftwerken soll es außerdem die gewonnene Neutronenenergie in Wärmeenergie überführen (und ist damit Teil des ersten Kühlkreislaufs) und auch den Brennstoff Tritium erbrüten. und auch den Brennstoff Tritium erbrüten.
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rdfs:comment In un reattore nucleare il mantello, in inIn un reattore nucleare il mantello, in inglese blanket, è uno strato di materiale fertile adiacente al nocciolo del reattore che ha la funzione di ricevere i neutroni emessi dalle reazioni nucleari per trasmutare il materiale fertile in isotopi utili alle reazioni che avvengono reattore stesso o nei radionuclidi impiegati dalle tecnologie nucleari. Il blanket quindi riceve direttamente il calore sviluppato dalla reazioni nucleari e pertanto deve essere raffreddato.cleari e pertanto deve essere raffreddato. , Das Blanket (englisch für Decke, Hülle) eiDas Blanket (englisch für Decke, Hülle) eines Kernfusionsreaktors liegt innerhalb des Vakuumgefäßes um das Plasma. Es schützt die außerhalb liegenden supraleitenden Spulen und andere Teile vor Hitze und Strahlung. In zukünftigen Fusionskraftwerken soll es außerdem die gewonnene Neutronenenergie in Wärmeenergie überführen (und ist damit Teil des ersten Kühlkreislaufs) und auch den Brennstoff Tritium erbrüten. und auch den Brennstoff Tritium erbrüten. , The tritium breeding blanket (also known aThe tritium breeding blanket (also known as a fusion blanket, lithium blanket or simply blanket), is a key part of many proposed fusion reactor designs. It serves several purposes; one is to act as a cooling mechanism, absorbing the energy from the neutrons produced within the plasma by the nuclear fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium (D-T), another is to "breed" further tritium fuel, that would otherwise be difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities, through the reaction of neutrons with lithium in the blanket. The breeder blanket further serves as shielding, preventing the high-energy neutrons from escaping to the area outside the reactor and protecting the more radiation-susceptible portions, such as ohmic or superconducting magnets, from damage.c or superconducting magnets, from damage.
rdfs:label Blanket , Breeding blanket
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