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O tema carne e hormônios há muito tem gera … O tema carne e hormônios há muito tem gerado grande debate entre pecuaristas, grupos vegetarianos e pessoas que, de modo geral, buscam uma alimentação saudável. A confusão entre hormônios e antibióticos causa grandes mal-entendidos, bem como a falta de especificação do que seriam os promotores de crescimento utilizados em muitas criações. Além disso, a legislação específica de cada país atua como mais uma variável a ser analisada, permitindo ou proibindo o uso dessas substâncias em cada caso. Por fim, há as diferenças entre os tipos de hormônios, que podem ser esteroides ou proteicos, sintéticos ou naturais; estes últimos presentes invariavelmente nas carnes, pois são parte constitutiva do alimento, como a presença da androsterona na carne suína, por exemplo. androsterona na carne suína, por exemplo.
, Persengketaan hormon daging sapi merupakan … Persengketaan hormon daging sapi merupakan salah satu kontroversi di bidang agrikultur yang paling sulit untuk diselesaikan semenjak pendirian Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Sengketa ini kadang-kadang disebut "perang daging sapi" oleh media, tetapi tidak sama dengan "perang daging sapi" antara Britania Raya dengan Uni Eropa terkait dengan permasalahan penyakit sapi gila. Pada tahun 1989, Uni Eropa melarang impor daging sapi yang mengandung hormon pertumbuhan buatan, tetapi hormon-hormon tersebut diizinkan di Amerika Serikat. Pada awalnya, pelarangan ini mencakup enam jenis hormon, tetapi pada tahun 2003 diubah menjadi pelarangan permanen satu hormon —estradiol-17β — sementara lima hormon lainnya dilarang untuk sementara waktu. Aturan WTO mengizinkan pelarangan tersebut asalkan yang melarang menunjukkan bukti ilmiah bahwa pelarangan tersebut merupakan tindakan untuk menjamin kesehatan dan keamanan. Kanada dan Amerika Serikat menentang pelarangan ini dan membawa kasusnya ke . Pada tahun 1997, Panel WTO memutuskan bahwa pelarangan ini tidak sesuai dengan hukum WTO. Keputusan ini ditegaskan kembali oleh Appellate Body pada tanggal 13 Februari 1998: Kami menemukan bahwa Komunitas Eropa sebenarnya tidak melakukan peninjauan (seperti yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 5.1 dan 5.2) atas risiko yang muncul dari kegagalan dalam mengikuti praktik kehewanan yang baik bersamaan dengan masalah pengendalian penggunaan hormon untuk pertumbuhan. Ketiadaan peninjauan risiko itu, ketika dipertimbangkan bersamaan dengan kesimpulan yang dicapai oleh sebagian besar (jika tidak semua) penelitian ilmiah yang terkait dengan aspek-aspek risiko lainnya yang telah dipertimbangkan sebelumnya, membuat kami menyimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat peninjauan risiko yang memperkuat pelarangan impor di dalam Direktif Komunitas Eropa yang ditunjukkan kepada Panel. Maka dari itu, kami menegaskan kembali kesimpulan akhir Panel bahwa pelarangan impor Komunitas Eropa tidak didasarkan pada peninjauan risiko seperti yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 5.1 dan 5.2 Perjanjian SPS, sehingga pelarangan ini tidak sesuai dengan persyaratan Pasal 5.1 Pada tanggal 12 Juli 1999, seorang arbitrator yang diangkat oleh Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa WTO mengizinkan penetapan sebesar $ 116,8 juta terhadap Uni Eropa.n sebesar $ 116,8 juta terhadap Uni Eropa.
, Le conflit du bœuf aux hormones est un con … Le conflit du bœuf aux hormones est un conflit commercial, entre les États-Unis et le Canada d'une part et l'Union européenne d'autre part, sur les normes sanitaires de l'utilisation des hormones de croissance artificielles pour la production de viande bovine. L'importation de viande de bœuf ayant un traitement aux hormones est interdite par la Communauté économique européenne depuis 1989 pour des questions sanitaires, englobant tout type de viande bovine. Les administrations du Canada et des États-Unis qui ont légiféré en autorisant la pratique des hormones contestent les arguments sanitaires de la commission européenne qui justifie cette interdiction et conteste cette décision en la portant devant l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC).l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC).
, يعتبر نزاع هرمون لحم البقر من أصعب الخلافات الزراعية منذ إنشاء منظمة التجارة العالمية والذي يسمي أحيانا في الوسط ب«حرب لحم البقر».
, The Beef Hormone Dispute is one of the mos … The Beef Hormone Dispute is one of the most intractable agricultural controversies since the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It has sometimes been called the "beef war" in the media, similarly to the UK–EU Beef war over the mad cow disease issue, creating some confusion, since these two wars overlapped in time. In 1989, the European Union banned the importation of meat that contained artificial beef growth hormones approved for use and administered in the United States. Originally, the ban covered six such hormones but was amended in 2003 to permanently ban one hormone —estradiol-17β — while provisionally banning the use of the five others. WTO rules permit such bans, but only where a signatory presents valid scientific evidence that the ban is a health and safety measure. Canada and the United States opposed this ban, taking the EU to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. In 1997, the WTO Dispute Settlement Body ruled against the EU.pute Settlement Body ruled against the EU.
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يعتبر نزاع هرمون لحم البقر من أصعب الخلافات الزراعية منذ إنشاء منظمة التجارة العالمية والذي يسمي أحيانا في الوسط ب«حرب لحم البقر».
, O tema carne e hormônios há muito tem gera … O tema carne e hormônios há muito tem gerado grande debate entre pecuaristas, grupos vegetarianos e pessoas que, de modo geral, buscam uma alimentação saudável. A confusão entre hormônios e antibióticos causa grandes mal-entendidos, bem como a falta de especificação do que seriam os promotores de crescimento utilizados em muitas criações. Além disso, a legislação específica de cada país atua como mais uma variável a ser analisada, permitindo ou proibindo o uso dessas substâncias em cada caso. Por fim, há as diferenças entre os tipos de hormônios, que podem ser esteroides ou proteicos, sintéticos ou naturais; estes últimos presentes invariavelmente nas carnes, pois são parte constitutiva do alimento, como a presença da androsterona na carne suína, por exemplo. androsterona na carne suína, por exemplo.
, Persengketaan hormon daging sapi merupakan … Persengketaan hormon daging sapi merupakan salah satu kontroversi di bidang agrikultur yang paling sulit untuk diselesaikan semenjak pendirian Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Sengketa ini kadang-kadang disebut "perang daging sapi" oleh media, tetapi tidak sama dengan "perang daging sapi" antara Britania Raya dengan Uni Eropa terkait dengan permasalahan penyakit sapi gila. Pada tanggal 12 Juli 1999, seorang arbitrator yang diangkat oleh Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa WTO mengizinkan penetapan sebesar $ 116,8 juta terhadap Uni Eropa.n sebesar $ 116,8 juta terhadap Uni Eropa.
, The Beef Hormone Dispute is one of the mos … The Beef Hormone Dispute is one of the most intractable agricultural controversies since the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It has sometimes been called the "beef war" in the media, similarly to the UK–EU Beef war over the mad cow disease issue, creating some confusion, since these two wars overlapped in time., since these two wars overlapped in time.
, Le conflit du bœuf aux hormones est un con … Le conflit du bœuf aux hormones est un conflit commercial, entre les États-Unis et le Canada d'une part et l'Union européenne d'autre part, sur les normes sanitaires de l'utilisation des hormones de croissance artificielles pour la production de viande bovine. L'importation de viande de bœuf ayant un traitement aux hormones est interdite par la Communauté économique européenne depuis 1989 pour des questions sanitaires, englobant tout type de viande bovine. Les administrations du Canada et des États-Unis qui ont légiféré en autorisant la pratique des hormones contestent les arguments sanitaires de la commission européenne qui justifie cette interdiction et conteste cette décision en la portant devant l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC).l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC).
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Beef hormone controversy
, Persengketaan hormon daging sapi
, نزاع هرمون اللحم البقري
, Carne e hormônios
, Conflit du bœuf aux hormones
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