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Ауреобази́диум почку́ющийся (лат. Aureobasídium púllulans) — вид грибов, относящийся к порядку. Тёмноокрашенный гриб, образующий дрожжеподобные почкующиеся конидии. Используется в биотехнологии для синтеза пуллулана.
, Aureobasidium pullulans (Syn.: Pullularia … Aureobasidium pullulans (Syn.: Pullularia pullulans) ist ein ubiquitär nachweisbarer hefeähnlicher Pilz, der unterschiedliche Oberflächen und Lebensräume besiedeln kann. Er wird z. B. in Erde, Luft und Wasser sowie auf vielen Pflanzenoberflächen gefunden. Aureobasidium pullulans kommt natürlich auf oder in einer weiten Bandbreite von Pflanzenarten vor (z. B. an Apfel, Weinreben, Kürbis, Bohnen und Kohl) ohne Krankheitssymptome zu verursachen. Aureobasidium pullulans hat zudem große biotechnologische Bedeutung bei der Produktion verschiedener Enzyme und Siderophore sowie bei der Produktion des Polysaccharids Pullulan. Weiterhin wird Aureobasidium pullulans zunehmend zur biologischen Bekämpfung phytopathogener Pilze und Bakterien, zum Beispiel zur Bekämpfung von pilzlichen Lagerkrankheiten und Feuerbrand im Apfelanbau verwendet.en und Feuerbrand im Apfelanbau verwendet.
, Aureobasidium pullulans är en svampart som först beskrevs av de Bary, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av G. Arnaud 1918. Aureobasidium pullulans ingår i släktet Aureobasidium och familjen Dothioraceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
, La levure noire Aureobasidium pullulans es … La levure noire Aureobasidium pullulans est une espèce de champignons ubiquistes, c’est-à-dire qu’elle est présente partout et dans différents environnements (sol, air, eau). On la retrouve souvent sur la surface de différentes plantes, dont le pommier où elle survit comme épiphyte, sans affecter son hôte. Elle est néanmoins associée à certains problèmes de roussissure des fruits. Certaines souches de cette levure ont été sélectionnées pour leur efficacité contre différentes maladies du pommier, notamment contre le feu bactérien et les pourritures d’entrepôts. bactérien et les pourritures d’entrepôts.
, 暗金黄担子菌（Aureobasidium pullulans），又名黑酵母菌、出芽短梗霉，是一種類似酵母的真菌，存在於多種生活環境。 暗金黄担子菌的細胞壁的周邊會產生多糖類物質，當中最重要的是β-葡聚醣（β-Glucan）。
, زملول كرمي (الاسم العلمي: Exobasidium vitis) هو نوع من الفطريات يتبع جنس الزملول من فصيلة الزملولية.
, Aureobasidium pullulans is een gistvormend … Aureobasidium pullulans is een gistvormende schimmel, die behoort tot de ascomyceten uit de familie . Het meeste komt de ongeslachtelijke vorm (anamorf) voor, maar de schimmel heeft ook een weinig voorkomende geslachtelijke vorm (teleomorf), die waarschijnlijk voorkomt onder de naam Discosphaerina fagi. De schimmel komt in veel uiteenlopende biotopen voor en wordt bijvoorbeeld gevonden in de grond, in de lucht, in water en op vele plantenoppervlakken. De schimmel kan tegen hoge en lage temperaturen, hoge zoutgehalten en zeer zure omgevingen. Aureobasidium pullulans komt voor als epifyt of endofyt op of in appelbomen, wijnstokken, pompoenen, sperziebonen en kool. Verder komt de schimmel voor in bijvoorbeeld badkamers, wasruimtes en op vochtige muren. De schimmel kan zich beschermen door de vorming van structuren bestaande uit mannitol en . Stammen van Aureobasidium pullulans worden in de biotechnologie gebruikt voor de productie van verschillende enzymen (amylase, , lipase, cellulase, , , transferases), sideroforen, polysachariden en eetbare eencellige micro-organismen (enkelcellig eiwit). Verder wordt de schimmel gebruikt voor de biologische bestrijding van schimmels en bacteriën, die bijvoorbeeld tijdens het bewaren optreden en van bacterievuur in appelboomgaarden. De gladde gistcellen hebben een dunne wand en zijn verschillend in grootte en vorm. Op een PDA-voedingsbodem (Potato Dextrose Agar) zijn de kolonies in het begin geel, creme-achtig, lichtroze of lichtbruin. Na 3 - 4 dagen verkleuren ze zwart, worden ze glad en bedekt met slijm. De kolobies kleuren zwart door de vorming van chlamydosporen en door de vorming van melanine in de schimmeldraden. De schimmeldraden zijn glad met een dunne celwand en 2 - 16 μm dik. Ze vormen een compact mycelium. De schimmel kan ook macro- en microconidia vormen.mel kan ook macro- en microconidia vormen.
, Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous an … Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous and generalistic black, yeast-like fungus that can be found in different environments (e.g. soil, water, air and limestone). It is well known as a naturally occurring epiphyte or endophyte of a wide range of plant species (e.g. apple, grape, cucumber, green beans, cabbage) without causing any symptoms of disease. A. pullulans has a high importance in biotechnology for the production of different enzymes, siderophores and pullulan. Furthermore, A. pullulans is used in biological control of plant diseases, especially storage diseases. Chronic human exposure to A. pullulans via humidifiers or air conditioners can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) or "humidifier lung". This condition is characterized acutely by dyspnea, cough, fever, chest infiltrates, and acute inflammatory reaction. The condition can also be chronic, and lymphocyte-mediated. The chronic condition is characterized radiographically by reticulonodular infiltrates in the lung, with apical sparing. The strains causing infections in humans were reclassified to A. melanogenum. A. pullulans can be cultivated on potato dextrose agar, where it produces smooth, faint pink, yeast-like colonies covered with a slimy mass of spores. Older colonies change to black due to chlamydospore production. Primary conidia are hyaline, smooth, ellipsoidal, one-celled, and variable in shape and size; secondary conidia are smaller. Conidiophores are undifferentiated, intercalary or terminal, or arising as short lateral branches. Endoconidia are produced in an intercalary cell and released into a neighboring empty cell. Hyphae are hyaline, smooth, and thinwalled, with transverse septa. The fungus grows at 10–35 °C with optimum growth at 30 °C. A. pullulans is notable for its phenotypic plasticity. Colony morphology may be affected by carbon source, colony age, temperature, light and substrate, with colonies ranging from homogeneous to sectored, yeast-like to filamentous growth, and from small to large. These changes, potentially influenced by epigenetic factors, and the particular developmental sequences that the colonies proceed through may be observed with the naked eye. Besides these morphological plasticity A. pullulans is also adaptable to various stressful conditions: hypersaline, acidic and alkaline, cold, and oligotrophic. Therefore, it is considered to be . The morphology-based taxonomy of the species is complicated by the large morphological variability between strains and even within a single strain. Based on molecular analyses, four varieties of the species A. pullulans were recognised: var. pullulans from substrates with low water activity and the phyllosphere and a variety of other habitats; var. melanogenum from aquatic habitats; var. subglaciale from glacial habitats; and var. namibiae, which was described on the basis of only one strain isolated from dolomitic marble in Namibia. However, when the genome sequences of these varieties became available, the differences between them were considered as too large to be accommodated in a single species. Therefore, the varieties were reclassified as new species: A. pullulans, A. melanogenum, A. subglaciale, and A. namibiae. The genome of A. pullulans s. str. contains large numbers of genes of gene families that can be linked to the nutritional versatility of the species and its stress tolerance. The genome also contains a homothallic mating-type locus. Further genome sequencing of fifty A. pullulans s. str. strains showed that the population of the species is homogeneous, with high levels of recombination and good dispersal. The species A. pullulans was thus recognised as a true generalist, able to inhabit a wide variety of habitats with no specialization to any of these habitats at the genomic level. Despite the presence in the genome of a putative mating locus, and the observation of high recombination rates, no sexual cycle has yet been reported in this organism. Due to the relatively recent redefinition of the species, most published work does not yet distinguish between the new species belonging to the previously recognised A. pullulans species complex. It is therefore not clear to what extent this knowledge is valid for A. pullulans s. str. and what should be attributed to the three new species.ld be attributed to the three new species.
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Dematium pullulans
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, Exobasidium vitis
, Cladosporium pullulans
, Pullularia fermentans
, Torula schoenii
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, Candida malicola
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, Torula oleae
, Aureobasidium pullulans
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زملول كرمي (الاسم العلمي: Exobasidium vitis) هو نوع من الفطريات يتبع جنس الزملول من فصيلة الزملولية.
, Ауреобази́диум почку́ющийся (лат. Aureobasídium púllulans) — вид грибов, относящийся к порядку. Тёмноокрашенный гриб, образующий дрожжеподобные почкующиеся конидии. Используется в биотехнологии для синтеза пуллулана.
, Aureobasidium pullulans (Syn.: Pullularia … Aureobasidium pullulans (Syn.: Pullularia pullulans) ist ein ubiquitär nachweisbarer hefeähnlicher Pilz, der unterschiedliche Oberflächen und Lebensräume besiedeln kann. Er wird z. B. in Erde, Luft und Wasser sowie auf vielen Pflanzenoberflächen gefunden. Aureobasidium pullulans kommt natürlich auf oder in einer weiten Bandbreite von Pflanzenarten vor (z. B. an Apfel, Weinreben, Kürbis, Bohnen und Kohl) ohne Krankheitssymptome zu verursachen.l) ohne Krankheitssymptome zu verursachen.
, Aureobasidium pullulans är en svampart som först beskrevs av de Bary, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av G. Arnaud 1918. Aureobasidium pullulans ingår i släktet Aureobasidium och familjen Dothioraceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
, Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous an … Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous and generalistic black, yeast-like fungus that can be found in different environments (e.g. soil, water, air and limestone). It is well known as a naturally occurring epiphyte or endophyte of a wide range of plant species (e.g. apple, grape, cucumber, green beans, cabbage) without causing any symptoms of disease. A. pullulans has a high importance in biotechnology for the production of different enzymes, siderophores and pullulan. Furthermore, A. pullulans is used in biological control of plant diseases, especially storage diseases.ant diseases, especially storage diseases.
, 暗金黄担子菌（Aureobasidium pullulans），又名黑酵母菌、出芽短梗霉，是一種類似酵母的真菌，存在於多種生活環境。 暗金黄担子菌的細胞壁的周邊會產生多糖類物質，當中最重要的是β-葡聚醣（β-Glucan）。
, La levure noire Aureobasidium pullulans es … La levure noire Aureobasidium pullulans est une espèce de champignons ubiquistes, c’est-à-dire qu’elle est présente partout et dans différents environnements (sol, air, eau). On la retrouve souvent sur la surface de différentes plantes, dont le pommier où elle survit comme épiphyte, sans affecter son hôte. Elle est néanmoins associée à certains problèmes de roussissure des fruits. Certaines souches de cette levure ont été sélectionnées pour leur efficacité contre différentes maladies du pommier, notamment contre le feu bactérien et les pourritures d’entrepôts. bactérien et les pourritures d’entrepôts.
, Aureobasidium pullulans is een gistvormend … Aureobasidium pullulans is een gistvormende schimmel, die behoort tot de ascomyceten uit de familie . Het meeste komt de ongeslachtelijke vorm (anamorf) voor, maar de schimmel heeft ook een weinig voorkomende geslachtelijke vorm (teleomorf), die waarschijnlijk voorkomt onder de naam Discosphaerina fagi. De schimmel komt in veel uiteenlopende biotopen voor en wordt bijvoorbeeld gevonden in de grond, in de lucht, in water en op vele plantenoppervlakken. De schimmel kan tegen hoge en lage temperaturen, hoge zoutgehalten en zeer zure omgevingen. Aureobasidium pullulans komt voor als epifyt of endofyt op of in appelbomen, wijnstokken, pompoenen, sperziebonen en kool. Verder komt de schimmel voor in bijvoorbeeld badkamers, wasruimtes en op vochtige muren.adkamers, wasruimtes en op vochtige muren.
|
| rdfs:label |
Aureobasidium pullulans
, Ауреобазидиум почкующийся
, 黑酵母菌
, زملول كرمي
|
