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تشير مقاييس الارتباط إلى الإجراءات المختلف … تشير مقاييس الارتباط إلى الإجراءات المختلفة التي تُستخدم لتقييم درجة التعلق بين الأطفال والبالغين. طوّر الباحثون طرقًا مختلفة لتقييم الارتباط لدى الأطفال. وهناك عدة مجموعات من المنهجيات التي يمكن على أساسها تقسيم الأطفال إلى أربع مجموعات من أنماط الارتباط: الآمنة، والمتقلبة القلقة، والقلقة الاجتنابية، والمشوشة أو غير المتوجهة. ويشار إلى هذه الأنماط أيضًا بالآمنة، والقلقة/المقاومة، والاجتنابية والمشوشة/المسيطرة. يمثل النمط التصنيفي المشوشة/المسيطرة انهيارًا في الشراكة المبينة على تقديم الرعاية. يُقاس الارتباط لدى البالغين باستخدام مقابلة الارتباط لدى البالغين ونظام الصور التوضيحي الخاص بالارتباط لدى البالغين والاستبانات الذاتية، وهو بعد للشخصية يصف المواقف حيال العلاقات مع الشركاء الرومنسيين. يُعتقد أن نمط الارتباط لدى البالغين يشبه نمط الارتباط في الطفولة، إذ إن هناك أبحاث تُظهر وجود صلة بين أنماط الارتباط في الطفولة وأبعاد الشخصية في الارتباط مع الشركاء الرومنسيين، لكن هذه الصلة ضعيفة إلى متوسطة القوة. المنهجية الأكثر شيوعًا في تحديد نمط الارتباط هي المنهجية ذات البعدين. يتعامل البعد الأول مع القلق حيال العلاقة، ويتعامل البعد الثاني مع التجنب في العلاقة. تصنف منهجية أخرى أنماط الارتباط لدى البالغين ضمن أربع فئات: الآمنة، والمشغولة، والاجتنابية الرافضة، والاجتنابية الخائفة. والاجتنابية الرافضة، والاجتنابية الخائفة.
, Attachment measures refer to the various p … Attachment measures refer to the various procedures used to assess the attachment system in children and adults. Researchers have developed various ways of assessing self-protective strategies and patterns of attachment. Some methods work across the several models of attachment and some are model-specific. A variety of methods allow children and adults' strategies to be classified into three or four attachment pattern groups: secure (B-pattern), anxious-avoidant (A-pattern), anxious-ambivalent (C-pattern), and in some models disorganized/disoriented (D category supplementing a primary pattern). Each pattern group is further broken down into several sub-patterns. Some methods assess disorders of attachment. Some attachment models, such as the Berkeley (or ABC+D) model, consider the disorganized/controlling attachment category to represent a breakdown in the attachment-caregiving partnership such that the child does not have an organized behavioral or representational strategy to achieve protection and care from the attachment figure. Other models, such as the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation (DMM), describe virtually all attachment behavior and patterns within (or in a combination of) the three primary A, B, C patterns. The DMM considers all attachment behavior to be an effort to adapt within a given caregiving environment to optimize available caregiver protection and maximize survival. Attachment in adults can be measured using assessments such as the Adult Attachment Interview, the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System, and self-report questionnaires. Self-report questionnaires are used to assess romantic attachment style, a personality dimension that describes attitudes about relationships with romantic partners. Adult attachment style is thought to be similar to childhood attachment patterns. There is some research that shows a link between childhood attachment patterns and attachment personality dimensions with romantic partners, but correlations are mild to moderate. The most common approach to defining attachment style is a two-dimension approach in defining attachment style. One dimension deals with anxiety about the relationship, and the other dimension dealing with avoidance in the relationship. Another approach defines four adult attachment style categories: secure, preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant.dismissive-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant.
, Das Adult Attachment Interview (Erwachsene … Das Adult Attachment Interview (Erwachsenen-Bindungs-Interview kurz AAI) ist ein halb standardisiertes Interview zur retrospektiven Erfassung von Bindungserfahrungen und aktuellen Einstellungen zur Bindung bei Erwachsenen. Es ist eine Untersuchungsmethode der Bindungstheorie. Carol George, Nancy Kaplan und vor allem Mary Main entwickelten dieses Testverfahren. Es untersucht Bindungserfahrungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die aktuelle psychische (gedankliche wie emotionale) Einstellung zur Bindung an andere bedeutende Personen. Das AAI soll die kognitive und emotionale Verarbeitung sowie sprachliche Darstellung der frühen Bindungserfahrungen erfassen. Das AAI geht von den Theorien der Bindungstheorie aus, die besagen, dass frühe Bindungserfahrungen eine Auswirkung auf die spätere Einstellung gegenüber Bindung und Beziehungen haben. Die Muster, welche aufgrund früherer Bindungserfahrungen neue Bindungssituationen vorhersehbar machen, werden als „Bindungsrepräsentationen“ oder „inner working models“ bezeichnet. Um auf diese schwierig zu erfassenden psychischen Verarbeitungen schließen zu können, weist der AAI eine besondere Innovation auf. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung werden nicht auf ihren genauen Inhalt hin ausgewertet, sondern es wird die Kohärenz der getätigten Aussagen bewertet. Hierbei gilt vor allem die kurze, zusammenhängende und logische Beschreibung der vergangenen Erfahrungen und der heutigen Einstellungen als kohärent. Die Autoren Main, Kaplan, Cassidy beschreiben diese mentalen Bindungsrepräsentationen als:„Anzahl von bewußten und unbewußten Regeln für die Organisation von Informationen über bindungsbezogene Erfahrungen, Gefühle und Vorstellungen, einschließlich einer Gedächtnis-Organisation, die den Zugang zu diesen Informationen erleichtern oder erschweren kann.“ Die Ergebnisse sind weitgehend unabhängig von Intelligenz, Gedächtnisleistung und sozialer Erwünschtheit. Um zu angemessenen Ergebnissen zu kommen, ist es nötig, dass sehr erfahrene Interviewer die Testsituation beurteilen: Das macht den Test gegenüber standardisierten Interviews, die lediglich durch die Quantität der Messdaten ausgewertet werden, sehr aufwendig. Auch dauert die Durchführung sehr lange, etwa ein bis drei Stunden. Aus diesem Grund wird er beinahe ausschließlich für die Forschung verwendet und nicht für die Diagnostik in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis.ostik in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis.
, 애착 측정은 어린이와 성인의 애착을 평가하는 데 사용되는 다양한 절차를 말한 … 애착 측정은 어린이와 성인의 애착을 평가하는 데 사용되는 다양한 절차를 말한다. 연구원들은 아이들의 애착 패턴을 평가하는 다양한 방법을 개발해 왔다. 다양한 방법을 통해 아이들은 네 가지 애착 패턴 그룹으로 분류할 수 있다. 즉, 안전, 불안-양면, 불안-회피, 비조직적/정신착란 또는 애착 장애 평가. 이러한 패턴은 보안(그룹 B), 불안/저항(그룹 C), 회피제(그룹 A), 비조직적/통제(그룹 D)라고도 한다. 비조직적/통제적 애착 분류는 아이가 애착 수치의 보호와 보살핌을 달성하기 위한 조직적 행동 또는 대표 전략을 가지지 않는 애착-돌봄 파트너십의 붕괴를 나타내는 것으로 간주된다. 각 패턴 그룹은 몇 가지 하위 범주로 세분된다. 비조직적/통제적 애착을 가지고 분류된 아동은 "차선에 가장 적합한" 조직적 분류를 받는다. 성인의 애착은 일반적으로 성인 애착 면접, 성인 애착 투영 사진 시스템 및 자가 보고서 설문지를 사용하여 측정된다. 자체 보고서 설문지는 애착 스타일을 평가하며, 애착 관계에 대한 태도를 설명한다. 성인 애착 스타일은 아동 애착 패턴과 유사하다고 생각된다. 아동의 애착 패턴과 로맨틱한 파트너와의 애착 성격 차원 사이의 연관성을 보여주는 일부 연구가 있지만 상관관계는 미미하다. 애착 스타일을 정의하는 가장 일반적인 접근법은 애착 스타일을 정의하는 2차원 접근법이다. 한 차원은 관계에 대한 불안을 다루고, 다른 차원은 관계에서 회피하는 것을 다룬다. 또 다른 접근법은 네 가지 성인 애착 스타일 카테고리를 정의한다 : 안정형, 집착형, 회피형, 그리고 공포형이다.스타일 카테고리를 정의한다 : 안정형, 집착형, 회피형, 그리고 공포형이다.
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애착 측정은 어린이와 성인의 애착을 평가하는 데 사용되는 다양한 절차를 말한 … 애착 측정은 어린이와 성인의 애착을 평가하는 데 사용되는 다양한 절차를 말한다. 연구원들은 아이들의 애착 패턴을 평가하는 다양한 방법을 개발해 왔다. 다양한 방법을 통해 아이들은 네 가지 애착 패턴 그룹으로 분류할 수 있다. 즉, 안전, 불안-양면, 불안-회피, 비조직적/정신착란 또는 애착 장애 평가. 이러한 패턴은 보안(그룹 B), 불안/저항(그룹 C), 회피제(그룹 A), 비조직적/통제(그룹 D)라고도 한다. 비조직적/통제적 애착 분류는 아이가 애착 수치의 보호와 보살핌을 달성하기 위한 조직적 행동 또는 대표 전략을 가지지 않는 애착-돌봄 파트너십의 붕괴를 나타내는 것으로 간주된다. 각 패턴 그룹은 몇 가지 하위 범주로 세분된다. 비조직적/통제적 애착을 가지고 분류된 아동은 "차선에 가장 적합한" 조직적 분류를 받는다. 애착을 가지고 분류된 아동은 "차선에 가장 적합한" 조직적 분류를 받는다.
, تشير مقاييس الارتباط إلى الإجراءات المختلف … تشير مقاييس الارتباط إلى الإجراءات المختلفة التي تُستخدم لتقييم درجة التعلق بين الأطفال والبالغين. طوّر الباحثون طرقًا مختلفة لتقييم الارتباط لدى الأطفال. وهناك عدة مجموعات من المنهجيات التي يمكن على أساسها تقسيم الأطفال إلى أربع مجموعات من أنماط الارتباط: الآمنة، والمتقلبة القلقة، والقلقة الاجتنابية، والمشوشة أو غير المتوجهة. ويشار إلى هذه الأنماط أيضًا بالآمنة، والقلقة/المقاومة، والاجتنابية والمشوشة/المسيطرة. يمثل النمط التصنيفي المشوشة/المسيطرة انهيارًا في الشراكة المبينة على تقديم الرعاية.ارًا في الشراكة المبينة على تقديم الرعاية.
, Attachment measures refer to the various p … Attachment measures refer to the various procedures used to assess the attachment system in children and adults. Researchers have developed various ways of assessing self-protective strategies and patterns of attachment. Some methods work across the several models of attachment and some are model-specific.of attachment and some are model-specific.
, Das Adult Attachment Interview (Erwachsene … Das Adult Attachment Interview (Erwachsenen-Bindungs-Interview kurz AAI) ist ein halb standardisiertes Interview zur retrospektiven Erfassung von Bindungserfahrungen und aktuellen Einstellungen zur Bindung bei Erwachsenen. Es ist eine Untersuchungsmethode der Bindungstheorie. Carol George, Nancy Kaplan und vor allem Mary Main entwickelten dieses Testverfahren. Es untersucht Bindungserfahrungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die aktuelle psychische (gedankliche wie emotionale) Einstellung zur Bindung an andere bedeutende Personen.zur Bindung an andere bedeutende Personen.
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Adult Attachment Interview
, Attachment measures
, 애착 측정
, مقاييس الارتباط
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