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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract 大西洋史(たいせいようし、英語: Atlantic history)は、近世のを研究大西洋史(たいせいようし、英語: Atlantic history)は、近世のを研究する歴史学の一分野である。大西洋世界はヨーロッパ人が新しい土地を発見したことで作られ、大西洋史とはその世界の研究である。大西洋史の前提は、16世紀以降ヨーロッパと新世界が恒常的に接触したことで、大西洋を囲んでいる大陸(アメリカ州、ヨーロッパ、アフリカ)が地域システム、または1つの経済と文化圏として研究できる実体になったことである。 大西洋史の研究テーマはヨーロッパ(特にイギリス、フランス、イベリア半島)と新世界の植民地の複雑な相互作用であり、大西洋の両側の人口統計、経済、政治、法律、軍事、思想、宗教を比較対象として扱う。イギリスとドイツでは宗教の復興がみられ、13植民地でも第一次大覚醒がおきた。人口の移動、人種、奴隷制度が重要なトピックとなっている。 大西洋史の学者は一般的にはこれらの地域とその文明の相互関連と交換に着目、特に旧来の史観の境界を伝統的に定めている国民国家の国境が奴隷制度、植民地主義、宣教師活動、といった大陸間現象に適用すべきでないと主張している。また、コロンブス交換の生態学上と疫学上の影響が大西洋史の課題に関連するため、と歴史人口学も重要な役割を果たしている。 米国のフランス革命史学者は1959年と1964年に諸国がどうやって民主革命を経験したかのの研究を発表(The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800、『民主革命の時代:ヨーロッパとアメリカの政治史、1760年 - 1800年』)、大西洋史という考えの先駆者となった。1980年代以降、大西洋史は旧来の植民地帝国史に代わって人気を博したが、近世ヨーロッパ人と大西洋海岸の先住民族の相互作用を研究する伝統的な史観の改良と方向転換にすぎないとみることもできる。大西洋史が歴史観の一領域として認められるようになったのは1980年代にハーバード大学のバーナード・ベイリンやジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学のなどが努力した成果である。欧州連合による地域統合と北大西洋条約機構が重要性を持ち続けたことは1990年代に大西洋史への興味を刺激することに間接的な役割を果たした。ち続けたことは1990年代に大西洋史への興味を刺激することに間接的な役割を果たした。 , Atlantic history is a specialty field in hAtlantic history is a specialty field in history that studies the Atlantic World in the early modern period. The Atlantic World was created by the discovery of a new land by Europeans, and Atlantic History is the study of that world. It is premised on the idea that, following the rise of sustained European contact with the New World in the 16th century, the continents that bordered the Atlantic Ocean—the Americas, Europe, and Africa—constituted a regional system or common sphere of economic and cultural exchange that can be studied as a totality. Its theme is the complex interaction between Europe (especially Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal) and their colonies in the Americas. It encompasses a wide range of demographic, social, economic, political, legal, military, intellectual and religious topics treated in comparative fashion by looking at both sides of the Atlantic. Religious revivals in Britain and Germany are studies, as well as the First Great Awakening in the Thirteen Colonies. Emigration, race and slavery are also important topics. Researchers of Atlantic history typically focus on the interconnections and exchanges between these regions and the civilizations they harbored. In particular, they argue that the boundaries between nation states which traditionally determined the limits of older historiography should not be applied to such transnational phenomena as slavery, colonialism, missionary activity and economic expansion. Environmental history and the study of historical demography also play an important role, as many key questions in the field revolve around the ecological and epidemiological impact of the Columbian exchange. Robert R. Palmer, an American historian of the French Revolution, pioneered the concept in the 1950s with a wide-ranging comparative history of how numerous nations experienced what he called The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800 (1959 and 1964). In this monumental work, he did not compare the French and the American Revolutions as successful models against other types of revolutions. Indeed, he developed a wider understanding of the changes that were led by revolutionary processes across the Western civilization. Such work followed in the footsteps of C. L. R. James who, in the 1930s, connected Caribbean with European history. Since the 1980s Atlantic history has emerged as an increasingly popular alternative to the older discipline of imperial history, although it could be argued that the field is simply a refinement and reorientation of traditional historiography dealing with the interaction between early modern Europeans and native peoples in the Atlantic sphere. The organization of Atlantic History as a recognized area of historiography began in the 1980s under the impetus of American historians Bernard Bailyn of Harvard University and Jack P. Greene of Johns Hopkins University, among others. The post-World War II integration of the European Union and the continuing importance of NATO played an indirect role in stimulating interest throughout the 1990s.stimulating interest throughout the 1990s. , A História Atlântica é um ramo da HistóriaA História Atlântica é um ramo da História comparada que estuda o mundo Atlântico no início da era moderna. É baseada na ideia de que, após o aumento dos contatos Europeus com o Novo Mundo no século XVI, os continentes que margeiam o oceano Atlântico — as Américas, a Europa e a África — passaram a constituir um sistema regional ou uma esfera comum de intercâmbio econômico e cultural que pode ser estudada como uma totalidade. O seu tema é a complexa interação entre a Europa (especialmente Portugal, Espanha, Grã-Bretanha e França) e as colónias do Novo Mundo. Abrange um alargado número de tópicos nos campos político, económico, social, demográfico, jurídico, militar, intelectual e religiosos tratados de forma comparativa ao olhar-se para ambos os lados do Atlântico. Como exemplo, avivamentos religiosos caracterizam a Grã-Bretanha e a Alemanha, assim como o primeiro grande despertar nas colónias americanas (Revolução americana, Independência da América Espanhola, Independência do Brasil, Independência do Haiti, etc). Migração e etnias/escravidão também tem sido importantes temas de pesquisa. Embora constitua um campo relativamente novo em termos de pesquisa, tem estimulado numerosos estudos de história comparada, nomeadamente no que tange às ideias, ao colonialismo, à escravidão, à História económica e às revoluções políticas no século XVIII, nas Américas do Norte e do Sul, Europa e África.éricas do Norte e do Sul, Europa e África. , L'histoire atlantique est un domaine spéciL'histoire atlantique est un domaine spécialisé de l'histoire qui étudie le au début de la période moderne. Le monde atlantique a été créé par la découverte d'une nouvelle terre par les Européens, et l'histoire atlantique est l'étude de ce monde. Il repose sur l'idée que, à la suite de la montée des contacts européens soutenus avec le Nouveau Monde au XVIe siècle, les continents qui bordaient l'océan Atlantique - les Amériques, l'Europe et l'Afrique - constituaient une sphère commune d'échanges économiques et culturels qui peuvent être étudiés comme un tout. Son champ d'étude concerne l'interaction complexe entre l'Europe (en particulier la Grande-Bretagne, la France, l'Espagne et le Portugal ) et les colonies du Nouveau Monde. Il englobe un large éventail de sujets démographiques, sociaux, économiques, politiques, juridiques, militaires, intellectuels et religieux traités de manière comparative en examinant les deux côtés de l'Atlantique. La migration et la race / l'esclavage ont été des sujets importants. Les historiens de l'Atlantique se concentrent généralement sur les interconnexions et les échanges entre ces régions et les civilisations qu'elles abritaient. En particulier, ils soutiennent que les frontières entre les États-nations qui ont traditionnellement déterminé les limites de l'historiographie plus ancienne ne devraient pas être appliquées à des phénomènes transnationaux tels que l'esclavage, le colonialisme, l'activité missionnaire et l'expansion économique. L'histoire environnementale et l'étude de la démographie historique jouent également un rôle important, car de nombreuses questions clés dans le domaine tournent autour de l'impact écologique et épidémiologique de l'échange colombien . Robert R. Palmer, un historien américain de la Révolution française, a lancé le concept dans les années 1950 avec une vaste histoire comparative de la façon dont de nombreuses nations ont vécu ce qu'il a appelé L'âge de la révolution démocratique: une histoire politique de l'Europe et de l'Amérique, 1760 –1800 (1959 et 1964). Depuis les années 1980, l'histoire atlantique est apparue comme une alternative de plus en plus populaire à l'ancienne discipline de l'histoire impériale, bien que l'on puisse affirmer que le domaine est simplement un raffinement et une réorientation de l'historiographie traditionnelle traitant de l'interaction entre les premiers Européens modernes et les peuples autochtones de la Sphère atlantique. L'organisation de l'histoire atlantique en tant que domaine reconnu de l'historiographie a commencé dans les années 1980 sous l'impulsion des historiens américains Bernard Bailyn de l'Université Harvard et de l'Université Johns Hopkins, entre autres. L'intégration de l'Union européenne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale et l'importance continue de l'OTAN ont joué un rôle indirect dans la stimulation de l'intérêt tout au long des années 1990.de l'intérêt tout au long des années 1990.
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rdfs:comment Atlantic history is a specialty field in hAtlantic history is a specialty field in history that studies the Atlantic World in the early modern period. The Atlantic World was created by the discovery of a new land by Europeans, and Atlantic History is the study of that world. It is premised on the idea that, following the rise of sustained European contact with the New World in the 16th century, the continents that bordered the Atlantic Ocean—the Americas, Europe, and Africa—constituted a regional system or common sphere of economic and cultural exchange that can be studied as a totality.xchange that can be studied as a totality. , A História Atlântica é um ramo da HistóriaA História Atlântica é um ramo da História comparada que estuda o mundo Atlântico no início da era moderna. É baseada na ideia de que, após o aumento dos contatos Europeus com o Novo Mundo no século XVI, os continentes que margeiam o oceano Atlântico — as Américas, a Europa e a África — passaram a constituir um sistema regional ou uma esfera comum de intercâmbio econômico e cultural que pode ser estudada como uma totalidade.que pode ser estudada como uma totalidade. , L'histoire atlantique est un domaine spéciL'histoire atlantique est un domaine spécialisé de l'histoire qui étudie le au début de la période moderne. Le monde atlantique a été créé par la découverte d'une nouvelle terre par les Européens, et l'histoire atlantique est l'étude de ce monde. Il repose sur l'idée que, à la suite de la montée des contacts européens soutenus avec le Nouveau Monde au XVIe siècle, les continents qui bordaient l'océan Atlantique - les Amériques, l'Europe et l'Afrique - constituaient une sphère commune d'échanges économiques et culturels qui peuvent être étudiés comme un tout.ls qui peuvent être étudiés comme un tout. , 大西洋史(たいせいようし、英語: Atlantic history)は、近世のを研究大西洋史(たいせいようし、英語: Atlantic history)は、近世のを研究する歴史学の一分野である。大西洋世界はヨーロッパ人が新しい土地を発見したことで作られ、大西洋史とはその世界の研究である。大西洋史の前提は、16世紀以降ヨーロッパと新世界が恒常的に接触したことで、大西洋を囲んでいる大陸(アメリカ州、ヨーロッパ、アフリカ)が地域システム、または1つの経済と文化圏として研究できる実体になったことである。 大西洋史の研究テーマはヨーロッパ(特にイギリス、フランス、イベリア半島)と新世界の植民地の複雑な相互作用であり、大西洋の両側の人口統計、経済、政治、法律、軍事、思想、宗教を比較対象として扱う。イギリスとドイツでは宗教の復興がみられ、13植民地でも第一次大覚醒がおきた。人口の移動、人種、奴隷制度が重要なトピックとなっている。 大西洋史の学者は一般的にはこれらの地域とその文明の相互関連と交換に着目、特に旧来の史観の境界を伝統的に定めている国民国家の国境が奴隷制度、植民地主義、宣教師活動、といった大陸間現象に適用すべきでないと主張している。また、コロンブス交換の生態学上と疫学上の影響が大西洋史の課題に関連するため、と歴史人口学も重要な役割を果たしている。疫学上の影響が大西洋史の課題に関連するため、と歴史人口学も重要な役割を果たしている。
rdfs:label Atlantic history , Histoire atlantique , 大西洋史 , História Atlântica
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